В этой заметке попытаемся рассмотреть опции и устройства для конфига ядра FreeBSD начиная с 8 ветки и по сегодняшний день, а также коснемся, немного, порядка сборки собственного ядра.
Причина проста — толком полного списка всех возможных опций собрать как-то не получается, а если этим заняться, то придется много воды пропустить через себя, чтобы добраться до нужных конфигов при сборке ядра и файлы NOTES тут не совсем помогут.
Теперь немного аксиом:
Аксиомы
Привожу конфиг рабочего ядра под архитектуру amd64 и, собстно, процессор AMD Athlon 64 x2 для наглядности, ну и чтоб не лазить далеко, когда нужно дёрнуть опции и устройства для настройки новых ядер.
# IPFWKRNL created from GENERIC on 06.01.2011 by rudkovskij.pv # cpu HAMMER ident IPFWKRNL # To statically compile in device wiring instead of /boot/device.hints #hints "GENERIC.hints" # Default places to look for devices. # Use the following to compile in values accessible to the kernel # through getenv() (or kenv(1) in userland). The format of the file # is 'variable=value', see kenv(1) # # env "GENERIC.env" makeoptions DEBUG=-g # Build kernel with gdb(1) debug symbols options SCHED_ULE # ULE scheduler options PREEMPTION # Enable kernel thread preemption options INET # InterNETworking options INET6 # IPv6 communications protocols options SCTP # Stream Control Transmission Protocol options FFS # Berkeley Fast Filesystem options SOFTUPDATES # Enable FFS soft updates support options UFS_ACL # Support for access control lists options UFS_DIRHASH # Improve performance on big directories options UFS_GJOURNAL # Enable gjournal-based UFS journaling options MD_ROOT # MD is a potential root device options NFSCLIENT # Network Filesystem Client options NFSSERVER # Network Filesystem Server options NFSLOCKD # Network Lock Manager options NFS_ROOT # NFS usable as /, requires NFSCLIENT options MSDOSFS # MSDOS Filesystem options CD9660 # ISO 9660 Filesystem options PROCFS # Process filesystem (requires PSEUDOFS) options PSEUDOFS # Pseudo-filesystem framework options GEOM_PART_GPT # GUID Partition Tables. options GEOM_LABEL # Provides labelization options COMPAT_43TTY # BSD 4.3 TTY compat (sgtty) options COMPAT_FREEBSD32 # Compatible with i386 binaries options COMPAT_FREEBSD4 # Compatible with FreeBSD4 options COMPAT_FREEBSD5 # Compatible with FreeBSD5 options COMPAT_FREEBSD6 # Compatible with FreeBSD6 options COMPAT_FREEBSD7 # Compatible with FreeBSD7 options SCSI_DELAY=5000 # Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI options KTRACE # ktrace(1) support options STACK # stack(9) support options SYSVSHM # SYSV-style shared memory options SYSVMSG # SYSV-style message queues options SYSVSEM # SYSV-style semaphores options P1003_1B_SEMAPHORES # POSIX-style semaphores options _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING # POSIX P1003_1B real-time extensions options PRINTF_BUFR_SIZE=128 # Prevent printf output being interspersed. options KBD_INSTALL_CDEV # install a CDEV entry in /dev options HWPMC_HOOKS # Necessary kernel hooks for hwpmc(4) options AUDIT # Security event auditing options MAC # TrustedBSD MAC Framework options FLOWTABLE # per-cpu routing cache #options KDTRACE_FRAME # Ensure frames are compiled in #options KDTRACE_HOOKS # Kernel DTrace hooks options INCLUDE_CONFIG_FILE # Include this file in kernel options VESA options VGA_WIDTH90 options SC_PIXEL_MODE options SC_NORM_ATTR=(FG_YELLOW|BG_BLACK) options SC_NORM_REV_ATTR=(FG_GREEN|BG_BLACK) options IPFIREWALL options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=500 options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD options LIBMCHAIN options LIBALIAS options IPFIREWALL_NAT options IPDIVERT options DUMMYNET options NETGRAPH options NETGRAPH_PPPOE options NETGRAPH_SOCKET options NETGRAPH_ETHER #options NETGRAPH_MPPC_ENCRYPTION #options NETGRAPH_MPPC_COMPRESSION # Make an SMP-capable kernel by default options SMP # Symmetric MultiProcessor Kernel # CPU frequency control device cpufreq # Bus support. device acpi device pci # Floppy drives #device fdc # ATA and ATAPI devices device ata device atadisk # ATA disk drives device ataraid # ATA RAID drives device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives #device atapifd # ATAPI floppy drives #device atapist # ATAPI tape drives options ATA_STATIC_ID # Static device numbering # SCSI Controllers #device ahc # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices #options AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug # output. Adds ~128k to driver. #device ahd # AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx devices #options AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug # output. Adds ~215k to driver. #device amd # AMD 53C974 (Tekram DC-390(T)) #device hptiop # Highpoint RocketRaid 3xxx series #device isp # Qlogic family #device ispfw # Firmware for QLogic HBAs- normally a module #device mpt # LSI-Logic MPT-Fusion #device ncr # NCR/Symbios Logic #device sym # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets + those of `ncr') #device trm # Tekram DC395U/UW/F DC315U adapters #device adv # Advansys SCSI adapters #device adw # Advansys wide SCSI adapters #device aic # Adaptec 15[012]x SCSI adapters, AIC-6[23]60. #device bt # Buslogic/Mylex MultiMaster SCSI adapters # SCSI peripherals device scbus # SCSI bus (required for SCSI) #device ch # SCSI media changers device da # Direct Access (disks) #device sa # Sequential Access (tape etc) #device cd # CD #device pass # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access) #device ses # SCSI Environmental Services (and SAF-TE) # RAID controllers interfaced to the SCSI subsystem #device amr # AMI MegaRAID #device arcmsr # Areca SATA II RAID #XXX it is not 64-bit clean, -scottl #device asr # DPT SmartRAID V, VI and Adaptec SCSI RAID #device ciss # Compaq Smart RAID 5* #device dpt # DPT Smartcache III, IV - See NOTES for options #device hptmv # Highpoint RocketRAID 182x #device hptrr # Highpoint RocketRAID 17xx, 22xx, 23xx, 25xx #device iir # Intel Integrated RAID #device ips # IBM (Adaptec) ServeRAID #device mly # Mylex AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID #device twa # 3ware 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID # RAID controllers #device aac # Adaptec FSA RAID #device aacp # SCSI passthrough for aac (requires CAM) #device ida # Compaq Smart RAID #device mfi # LSI MegaRAID SAS #device mlx # Mylex DAC960 family #XXX pointer/int warnings #device pst # Promise Supertrak SX6000 #device twe # 3ware ATA RAID # atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse device atkbdc # AT keyboard controller device atkbd # AT keyboard device psm # PS/2 mouse device kbdmux # keyboard multiplexer device vga # VGA video card driver device splash # Splash screen and screen saver support # syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console device sc device agp # support several AGP chipsets # PCCARD (PCMCIA) support # PCMCIA and cardbus bridge support #device cbb # cardbus (yenta) bridge #device pccard # PC Card (16-bit) bus #device cardbus # CardBus (32-bit) bus # Serial (COM) ports device uart # Generic UART driver # Parallel port device ppc device ppbus # Parallel port bus (required) device lpt # Printer device plip # TCP/IP over parallel device ppi # Parallel port interface device #device vpo # Requires scbus and da # If you've got a "dumb" serial or parallel PCI card that is # supported by the puc(4) glue driver, uncomment the following # line to enable it (connects to sio, uart and/or ppc drivers): #device puc # PCI Ethernet NICs. #device de # DEC/Intel DC21x4x (``Tulip'') device em # Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Ethernet Family #device igb # Intel PRO/1000 PCIE Server Gigabit Family #device ixgbe # Intel PRO/10GbE PCIE Ethernet Family #device le # AMD Am7900 LANCE and Am79C9xx PCnet #device ti # Alteon Networks Tigon I/II gigabit Ethernet #device txp # 3Com 3cR990 (``Typhoon'') #device vx # 3Com 3c590, 3c595 (``Vortex'') # PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code. # NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs! device miibus # MII bus support #device ae # Attansic/Atheros L2 FastEthernet #device age # Attansic/Atheros L1 Gigabit Ethernet #device alc # Atheros AR8131/AR8132 Ethernet #device ale # Atheros AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 Ethernet #device bce # Broadcom BCM5706/BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet #device bfe # Broadcom BCM440x 10/100 Ethernet #device bge # Broadcom BCM570xx Gigabit Ethernet device dc # DEC/Intel 21143 and various workalikes #device et # Agere ET1310 10/100/Gigabit Ethernet #device fxp # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558) #device jme # JMicron JMC250 Gigabit/JMC260 Fast Ethernet #device lge # Level 1 LXT1001 gigabit Ethernet #device msk # Marvell/SysKonnect Yukon II Gigabit Ethernet #device nfe # nVidia nForce MCP on-board Ethernet #device nge # NatSemi DP83820 gigabit Ethernet #device nve # nVidia nForce MCP on-board Ethernet Networking #device pcn # AMD Am79C97x PCI 10/100 (precedence over 'le') device re # RealTek 8139C+/8169/8169S/8110S device rl # RealTek 8129/8139 #device sf # Adaptec AIC-6915 (``Starfire'') #device sge # Silicon Integrated Systems SiS190/191 #device sis # Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900/SiS 7016 #device sk # SysKonnect SK-984x SK-982x gigabit Ethernet #device ste # Sundance ST201 (D-Link DFE-550TX) #device stge # Sundance/Tamarack TC9021 gigabit Ethernet #device tl # Texas Instruments ThunderLAN #device tx # SMC EtherPower II (83c170 ``EPIC'') #device vge # VIA VT612x gigabit Ethernet #device vr # VIA Rhine, Rhine II #device wb # Winbond W89C840F device xl # 3Com 3c90x (``Boomerang'', ``Cyclone'') # ISA Ethernet NICs. pccard NICs included. #device cs # Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0 NIC # 'device ed' requires 'device miibus' #device ed # NE[12]000, SMC Ultra, 3c503, DS8390 cards #device ex # Intel EtherExpress Pro/10 and Pro/10+ #device ep # Etherlink III based cards #device fe # Fujitsu MB8696x based cards #device sn # SMC's 9000 series of Ethernet chips #device xe # Xircom pccard Ethernet # Wireless NIC cards #device wlan # 802.11 support #options IEEE80211_DEBUG # enable debug msgs #options IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE # age frames in AMPDU reorder q's #options IEEE80211_SUPPORT_MESH # enable 802.11s draft support #device wlan_wep # 802.11 WEP support #device wlan_ccmp # 802.11 CCMP support #device wlan_tkip # 802.11 TKIP support #device wlan_amrr # AMRR transmit rate control algorithm #device an # Aironet 4500/4800 802.11 wireless NICs. #device ath # Atheros pci/cardbus NIC's #device ath_hal # pci/cardbus chip support #options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 # enable AR5416 tx/rx descriptors #device ath_rate_sample # SampleRate tx rate control for ath #device ral # Ralink Technology RT2500 wireless NICs. #device wi # WaveLAN/Intersil/Symbol 802.11 wireless NICs. # Pseudo devices. device loop # Network loopback device random # Entropy device device ether # Ethernet support device vlan # 802.1Q VLAN support device tun # Packet tunnel. device pty # BSD-style compatibility pseudo ttys device md # Memory "disks" device gif # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling device faith # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation) device firmware # firmware assist module # The `bpf' device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter. # Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this! # Note that 'bpf' is required for DHCP. device bpf # Berkeley packet filter # USB support options USB_DEBUG # enable debug msgs device uhci # UHCI PCI->USB interface device ohci # OHCI PCI->USB interface device ehci # EHCI PCI->USB interface (USB 2.0) device usb # USB Bus (required) #device udbp # USB Double Bulk Pipe devices device uhid # "Human Interface Devices" device ukbd # Keyboard device ulpt # Printer device umass # Disks/Mass storage - Requires scbus and da device ums # Mouse #device urio # Diamond Rio 500 MP3 player # USB Serial devices #device uark # Technologies ARK3116 based serial adapters #device ubsa # Belkin F5U103 and compatible serial adapters #device uftdi # For FTDI usb serial adapters #device uipaq # Some WinCE based devices #device uplcom # Prolific PL-2303 serial adapters #device uslcom # SI Labs CP2101/CP2102 serial adapters #device uvisor # Visor and Palm devices #device uvscom # USB serial support for DDI pocket's PHS # USB Ethernet, requires miibus #device aue # ADMtek USB Ethernet #device axe # ASIX Electronics USB Ethernet #device cdce # Generic USB over Ethernet #device cue # CATC USB Ethernet #device kue # Kawasaki LSI USB Ethernet #device rue # RealTek RTL8150 USB Ethernet #device udav # Davicom DM9601E USB # USB Wireless #device rum # Ralink Technology RT2501USB wireless NICs #device uath # Atheros AR5523 wireless NICs #device ural # Ralink Technology RT2500USB wireless NICs #device zyd # ZyDAS zb1211/zb1211b wireless NICs # FireWire support #device firewire # FireWire bus code #device sbp # SCSI over FireWire (Requires scbus and da) #device fwe # Ethernet over FireWire (non-standard!) #device fwip # IP over FireWire (RFC 2734,3146) #device dcons # Dumb console driver #device dcons_crom # Configuration ROM for dcons
Дальше привожу опции ядра и пояснения к ним, которые отсутствуют в файле GENERIC и собирались в разных местах:
options VESA # Включение в ядро стандартизованного универсального одноименного драйвера options VGA_WIDTH90 # Увеличение количества курсоров в консоли по ширине до 90шт. Полезно для широкоформатных мониторов 16:9, 16:10 options SC_PIXEL_MODE # Замена текстовой консоли на графическую по умолчанию options SC_NORM_ATTR=(FG_YELLOW|BG_BLACK) # Пример замены стандартного цвета консоли на желтые символы и черный фон options SC_NORM_REV_ATTR=(FG_GREEN|BG_BLACK) # Предыдущее, только реверсивно. Применяется в выводах справок и прочего. options IPFIREWALL # Поддержка родного файервола (IPFW v.2) в ядре options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE # Заставляет файервол вербозить, т. е. вести логи событий по команде log options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=500 # Умолчальный предел для правила логирования logamount options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD # Расширяет функционал файервола - будет форвардить пакеты options LIBMCHAIN # Обязательная Библиотечка для работы расширенных функций файера options LIBALIAS # Обязательная Библиотечка для работы расширенных функций файера options IPFIREWALL_NAT # Ядерный NAT, внутри файервола. Довольно оптимизированная альтернатива natd options IPDIVERT # Возможность заворачивать пакеты нужному демону на нужный порт options DUMMYNET # Ограничение пропускной полоски при помощи пайпов (pipe) options NETGRAPH # Поддержка в ядре работы VPN и PPP ориентированных на Netgraph приложений, например mpd5 options NETGRAPH_PPPOE # Статическое компилирование в ядро одноименных модулей, если не делать этого, при необходимости будут подгружаться модулями ядра. options NETGRAPH_SOCKET # ---//--- options NETGRAPH_ETHER # ---//--- options NETGRAPH_MPPC_ENCRYPTION # ---//--- Мелкософтовские опции, для совместимости с клиентами pptp, l2tp и пр. options NETGRAPH_MPPC_COMPRESSION # ---//--- Мелкософтовские опции, для совместимости с клиентами pptp, l2tp и пр. options GEOM_MIRRROR # Поддержка в ядре модуля зеркалирования GEOM